PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.